How to harvest, process, transport and store blood samples

Harvesting takes place in the morning, preferably in the morning, taking into account the exercise effort and the circadian rhythm, which may inflate certain parameters (testosterone, cortisol, catecholamine, melatonin etc. . Also, depending on the analysis performed, it may be necessary to collect a single sample or multiple samples. The patient will be seated in a convenient position, preparing the area from which the samples are to be collected. It is harvested from the antecubital veins. Disinfect the elbow envelope with a 70% alcohol swab or iodine tincture.

Apply the garage before harvesting, at least 2-3 centimeters, but not more than one minute. Insert the needle into the harvest tube, fastening it in a clockwise rotation. The sterile needle should have a caliber appropriate to the amount of blood needed. Puncture the vein, weaken the garage and pull the plunger slowly until the blood flow stops. Remove the needle tube by turning it counterclockwise.

Careful! . If multiple harvesting is required, steps 2-5 will be repeated. Disinfect the elbow envelope with a 70% alcohol swab or iodine tincture and apply the deck to your arm before harvesting, but not more than one minute. Penetrate the skin, holding the device between the shelves and the right hand index. When the needle was positioned in the vein, the position of the hands is reversed, the harness tube is pushed straight to the protective needle in the sleeve (the index and right medius are on the collar of the sleeve).

The blood will enter the tube proportionally to the vacuum inside. Remove the tube with your right hand, holding the harvesting device with your left hand. Shake the tube immediately, easily by overturning, to mix with the anticoagulant. Careful! . If multiple cropping is required, steps 2-5 will be repeated.

If several tubes are harvested, the citrate will be the second one. Careful! . It is not harvested in the syringe to transfer to vacutainer, as there is a risk of blood clotting. An Incorrect Blood: Anticoagulant Dose May Cause Changes in Laboratory Tests. Instructions for avoiding hemolysis - use sterile disposable gloves - use standard needles, not less than 21-22 G, with the exception of children and elderly patients with difficult to puncture veins - Vacuums should be kept .

You should also avoid harvesting from a hematoma area - Drying of the disinfected area before punching is necessary - If the harvesting technique with the syringe system is used, remove the tube first, then the needle from the syringe. In the case of the use of vacuum harvesting technique, blood proportion: additive to avoid changes in laboratory results - blood mixture with anticoagulant / additive / preservative will be ensured by gentle stirring of the vacutainer. A vigorous stirring should be avoided, but it may cause blood clotting or hemolysis. Additives For the purpose of avoiding blood clotting, vaccinations containing anticoagulants. To distinguish the type of anticoagulant used, the collectors show different colors: - Blue plug: Na3 citrate, 3.

2%, 0. 5 ml; - black stopper: Na3 citrate;. 2%, 1 ml, - dop mov: EDTA K3, - red cap: no anticoagulant, no separator gel, - dopant: EDTA (for metals), - colorless stopper: no anticoagulant,. This is especially useful for children. Harvesting is done from the finger or lobe of the ear, and in infants, halves or heels.

Harvesting will be done in the morning, in june (unhunted), except in the case of emergency. Instructions: - disinfect the area with a 70% alcohol or iodine tincture buffer - wipe with a dry swab - suture with a sterile needle at an angle of 45 degrees to the medial line of the finger pulp or a special lancet . Careful! . To avoid these situations, it is recommended to use semi-automatic disposable chains. Blood collected in anti-coagulant / additive-free collectors, with or without separator gel, will be allowed to sediment and then centrifuged, separating the serum containing all serum components, less fibrinogen.

Note that plasma retains fibrinogen, while in serum it is removed. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Plasma vs SerAvantage Determination: - it can increase the rotation speed, thus shortening the spin time. - more plasma is obtained than serum from a blood sample - low risk of hemolysis and thrombocytolysis - the results obtained express more precisely the in vivo status of the patient. Disadvantages: - Protein electrophoresis may be altered, - Some anticoagulants may interfere with methods of determination such as those containing either ammonium. Pre-spin phase It is recommended that serum or plasma be separated within 2 hours of harvesting (increased risk of alteration of the results obtained).

Also, it is contraindicated to chill blood samples, as it may cause false-positive results (for example, for the determination, low temperature inhibits glycolysis, favoring the release of potassium from the cells). The samples will be cooled by placing them in a container containing ice water to determine the following tests: catecholamines, lactic acid, gastina. CentrifugareaAtentie! . 30 min in patients not on anticoagulant therapy). Sample centrifugation is performed for 5 minutes at 3000 g.

In situations where it is desired to obtain a depilated plasma, it is recommended that the sample be centrifuged for 15-30 minutes at 2000-3000 g. Retesting samples is contraindicated. Also, samples collected in separator gel vacillines will not be re-centrifuged. In order to avoid evidence contamination, transfer to secondary tubes will be done with great care. Sample rejection criteriaLaborators assume the right to reject samples in the following situations: - the samples are harvested in improper specimens or without suitable preservatives, - insufficient quantity, - inadequately stored / transported specimens, - hemolyzed samples.

In the case of rejection of the samples by the laboratory, it shall notify the department or the place where the harvest was made, to repeat the harvest. - ingestion of foods (changes in blood glucose levels, protein, calcium, iron, sodium, urea, inorganic phosphates, cholesterol), - ingestion of alcohol (causes triglycerides, aldosterone and decreased levels of ADH, prolactin) . , and decreases the levels of albumin and cholesterol), - the menstrual cycle (estradiol, FSH and LH show cyclic variation. (Loss of prealbumine, triglycerides, glucose, urea, prealbumin, increases the concentrations of ketones, free fatty acids, creatinine, acid . The sample transport time may be: - short when the clinic is in the same place as the laboratory, - the environment when the clinic is in the same place as the laboratory, - long when the harvested samples are sent to the laboratory by courier or post.

Sample transport can be done as follows: - in ambient conditions (the samples will be packed in thermal insulating materials) - refrigerated (cold transport, 4-12 degrees Celsius, placement of coolable batteries that will be recharged daily. Careful! . In the case of short or medium transport samples, they will be transported to the environment, in bags or special containers. In the case of those with courier or postal delivery, it is advisable to avoid the transport of whole blood. In the case of long-term transport samples, certain parameters remain stable for 24 hours - 4 days (electrolytes, enzymes), but VEM and erythrocyte concentration may change.

In patients who are not heparinized, the blood harvested on citrate is stable for 8 hours (used to determine APTT, protein C, prothrombin time and factor V). Careful! . In heparinized patients, the blood will be stored at room or refrigerator for up to 4 hours. It is contraindicated to defrost the samples carried in the carbon ice, as it can cause erroneous results. Samples can be stored as follows: - Hematology samples: 24 hours, 19-23 degrees Celsius - Biochemistry and immunochemistry: one week, 2-4 degrees Celsius - Determination of hormones and tumor markers: 2 weeks, -20 degrees Celsius .

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