Measles - diagnosis, treatment and complications

, also known as measles, represents one of the most contagious infectious diseases, with a secondary infection rate of at least 90% in susceptible domestic contacts. Despite being considered primarily a childhood disease, measles can affect people of all ages. . Article content\n \n \n . ro or from the SfatulMedicului mobile application (iOS, Android)\n . In 88% of cases reported between 2000 and 2011, the virus came from a country outside the US, and 2 out of 3 people who developed measles were unvaccinated.

The American Academy of Pediatrics has released updated measles guidelines in response to the national outbreak. New evidence-based guidelines for measles immunity, use of immunoglobulin, vaccination of healthcare workers, and management of patients with HIV infection and other sensitivities. The cause of measles is the measles virus, a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Morbillivirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family. Humans are the natural hosts of the virus; . This highly contagious virus spreads through coughing and sneezing through close personal contact or direct contact with secretions.

Risk factors for measles virus infection include the following:\r\n. The first sign of measles is usually a high fever (often \u003e40C) that usually lasts 4-7 days. The prodromal phase is also marked by a sick state; . Other possible prodromal manifestations include photophobia, periorbital edema and myalgias. - Koplik spots (grey-blue spots or \.

- the rash develops approximately 14 days after exposure, sometimes itchiness starts on the face at the hairline, on the sides of the neck and behind the ears\r\n. lasts 5-7 days before turning into copper-brown hyperpigmented spots, which then peel off. Immunocompromised patients cannot develop rashes. • The rash is more pronounced in the skin folds and can be macular, vesicular or urticarial\r\n\r\n. Laboratory confirmation is carried out through the following:\r\n.

Patients should also receive regular follow-up care from a primary care physician to monitor for complications arising from the infection. . The World Health Organization recommends vitamin A supplementation for all children diagnosed with measles, regardless of country of residence, depending on age as follows:\r\n. 000 IU/day PO for 2 doses\r\n. 000 IU/day PO for 2 doses\r\n.

000 IU/day PO for 2 doses\r\n. This disease can affect people of all ages, despite the fact that it is primarily considered a disease of childhood. . The characteristics of measles are: the prodromal phase with fever, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis and the pathognomonic enanthema (ie, Koplik spots), followed by an erythematous maculopapular rash from the third to the seventh day. The infection confers throughout life.

Generalized immunosuppression following acute measles most frequently predisposes patients to bacterial otitis media and bronchopneumonia. In approximately 0. 1% of cases, measles can cause acute encephalitis. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare chronic degenerative disease that appears several years after measles infection. .

Bibliography\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\n\n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n . Gabriel Coltan\n . MATTHEW BALS\n \n \n . Mariana Mardarescu\n . MATTHEW BALS\n \n \n .

Cleo-Nicoleta Rosculet\n . MATTHEW BALS\n \n \n . Laura Maria Albu\n . .